Dallas Independent School District has agreed to pay $1 million to resolve allegations that it falsely certified compliance with Texas mandatory-reporting laws while receiving federal special-education funds, according to an announcement by the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Northern District of Texas. The resolution is notable not only for the payment amount, but also for the compliance-focused relief baked into the deal: a penalty component, funding for audits, law-enforcement protocols, and additional training.

At a high level, the case reflects a familiar federal enforcement theory with high stakes for public entities and federal-funds recipients: when an organization accepts federal money, its certifications about legal compliance can become the foundation for civil liability if the government later alleges those statements were false.

A federal appeals court in Boston heard arguments in a closely watched dispute over whether a district judge had the authority to order the restoration of more than $2.6 billion in research funding to Harvard after the Trump administration cut it off. The case places two recurring legal questions in sharp relief: how far the executive branch can go in withholding federal money, and how far courts can go in crafting remedies when they find that action unlawful.

At the center of the appeal is an order by U.S. District Judge Allison Burroughs restoring the funding, a remedy the administration argues exceeded the court’s power.